Toxicogenomic Approach to Risk Assessment of Welding Fumes

Exposure to welding fumes is already known to produce respiratory effects, such as pulmonary function, pneumoconiosis, and lung cancer, along with certain non-respiratory results, such as manganism [1]. However, despite a large number of publications on the pathophysiological process of welding fume exposure-induced diseases to understand the disease process in vivo and in vitro, relatively few attempts have been made to determine the gene expression levels affected by welding fume exposure to identify early effect biomarkers or the differential gene expression resulting from mixed exposure.